(A) The special properties of graphite
Graphite has the following characteristics
(1) high temperature resistance: graphite melting point of 3850 ± 50 ℃, the boiling point of 4250 ℃, even if the ultra-high temperature arc burning, weight loss is very small, coefficient of thermal expansion is small. Graphite strength increased with increasing temperature, at 2000 ℃, the graphite strength doubled.
(2) Conductive, thermal conductivity: the conductivity of graphite than non-metallic mineral a hundred times higher. Thermal conductivity is better than steel, iron, lead and other metal materials. Thermal conductivity decreases with increasing temperature, even at very high temperatures, the graphite was insulation.
(3) Lubricity: graphite lubrication depends on the size of graphite scales, the larger the scale, the smaller the friction coefficient, the better the lubrication performance. (4) Chemical stability: Graphite at room temperature with good chemical stability, can resist to acid, alkali and organic solvent corrosion.
(5) plasticity: good toughness of graphite can be crushed into thin slices.
(6) thermal shock resistance: graphite used in high temperature can withstand the drastic changes in temperature without damage, temperature mutation, the graphite volume change is not big, will not produce cracks.
- B) the main applications
As the graphite with the special properties, so in metallurgy, machinery, petroleum, chemical, nuclear industry, national defense and other fields are widely used, the main application is:
(1) Refractories: In the smelting industry, graphite is produced to graphite crucible for the protection of steel ingot, smelting furnace for the lining of the magnesium-carbon brick.
(2) Conductive materials: In the electrical industry, the extensive use of graphite as electrodes, brushes, rods, carbon tubes and television picture tube coating.
(3) wear-resistant materials and lubricants: in many mechanical equipment, use graphite as wear-resistant and lubricating materials, can be -200 ~ 2000 ℃ temperature range of 100m / s speed sliding, with or without lubricant.
(4) Sealing materials: flexible graphite for centrifugal pumps, turbines, steam turbines and corrosive media transmission equipment, piston ring gaskets, seals and so on.
(5) corrosion-resistant materials: graphite containers, pipes and equipment, can withstand a variety of corrosive gases and liquid corrosion, widely used in petroleum, chemical, hydrometallurgy and other departments.
(6) Insulation, high temperature, radiation materials: graphite can be used as nuclear reactors in the neutron moderator and the rocket nozzle, missile nose cone, aerospace equipment parts, insulation materials, anti-radiation materials.
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