Description of terms:
- EXFOLIATED GAPHITE is the product of very rapid heating of relatively large particle diameter graphite intercalation compounds, such as graphite hydrogen sulphate. The vaporizing intercalated substances force the graphite layers apart. The EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE assumes an accordion-like shape, with an apparent volume often hundreds of times that of the original graphite flakes.
- FIBEROUS ACTIVATED CARBON is an ACTIVATED CARBON in the form of fibers, filaments, yarns or rovings and fabrics or felts. Such fibers differ from CARBON FIBERS, used for reinforcement purposes in composites, in their high surface area, high porosity and low mechanical strength.
- FILAMENTOUS CARBON is a carbonaceous deposit from gaseous carbon compounds, consisting of filaments grown by the catalytic action of metal particles.
- FULLERENES were discovered in 1985 and can be considered as another major allotrope of carbon and differ from GRAPHITE and DIAMOND in that they form discrete molecular forms. FULLERENES are symmetrically closed convex GRAPHITE shells, consisting of twelve pentagons and various numbers of hexagons. Since they arranged in the form of a geodesic spheroid, they were named buckminster fullerenes, after Buckminster fuller, the architect associated with the geodesic dome, shortened to FULLERENES and known colloquially as bucky-balls.
The FULLERENE structures are possible in many combinations but, as yet, the most important structures truly established are C60, C70, C76, C78 and C84. The first FULLERENE to be discovered was C60, comprising of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, with each carbon atom shared by on pentagon and two hexagons, assuming the well known spherical shape of a football.
- FURNACE BLACK is a type of CARBON that is produced industrially in a furnace by incomplete combustion.
- GAS PHASE GROWN CARBON FIBERS are CARBON FIBERS grown in an atmosphere of hydrocarbons with the aid of fine particulate solid catalysts such an iron or other transition metals and consisting of GRAPHITE CARBON. Note: GAS PHASE GROWN CARBON FIBERS transform during GRAPHITIZAION HEAT TREATMENT into GRAPHITE FIBERS. The term vapor grown carbon fibers is also acceptable but, CVD fibers is not acceptable, as it also describes fibers grown by a chemical vapor depositon process on substrate fibers.
- GLASS-LIKE CARBON is an AGRANULAR, NON-GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON, with isotropy of its structural and physical properties and with a very low permeability for liquids and gases. Note: The terms Glassy Carbon and Vitreous Carbon are trademarks and should not be used and, moreover, as implied, there is no similarity in the structures of silicate glasses, other than the pseudo-glassy appearance of the surface.
- GRAPHENE is a single carbon layer of graphite structure.
To be continue.