There are many other forms of carbon. Its carbon black, charcoal, coal, coke and soot. see detailes bellow
Carbon black
Carbon black is a commercially produced form of colloidal carbon, in the form of spheres with fused aggregates below 1um. There are several types:
- Channel black- produced by many small flames impinging on a cool surface with the spheroidal particles oxidized in air at high temperature, yielding a very fine form of carbon black (about 10um)
- Thermal black- produced by the pyrolysis of gaseous hydrocarbons, including natural gas the absence of air, producing larger particles about 100-500um.
- Lampblack-produced by burning an aromatic-rich oil in flat pans in a limitd supply of air and subsequently calcined to remove excess oil and aromatic breakdown products, producing a particle size of 100-200um with composition and color dependent on the amount of air used in the combustion process.
- Acetylene black- produced by the thermal decomposition of acetylene at 800C with a particle size of 3-130nm.
Carbon black prepared by the combustion of hydrocarbons under oxygen deficient conditions consists of folded version of graphite network, formed as the carbon atoms condense similar to the icospiral formation of a soot particle. They are used as fillers for rubber and base for printing ink.
Charcoal
The porous char of carbon is obtained by the destructive distillation of an organic material such as wood and coconut shells. The product can be activated by heating in steam or CO2 to increase the surface area and significantly increase the ability to absorb liquids and gases.
Coal
Coal is produced by an extremely slow dehydrogenation of organic materials by a geological process, initially raising the carbon content by conversion to peat and finally transforming into coal by a geochemical stage, through the action of heat (773C) and high pressure.
Coke
Coke is a solid high in carbon, produced by the pyrolysis of an organic material, which has passed, at least in part, through a liquid or liquid-crystalline state and the resulting non-graphite carbon is graphitizable.
Premium coke made from petroleum tars/residues by a delayed coking process or from refined coal tar pitches yields a product which graphitizes extremely well. Regular coke is a petroleum coke with good graphitizability, whilst metallurgical coke is produced by the carbonization of coal up to 1673C giving a microporous product with high strength and a large lump size.
Soot
Soot is generally formed as an byproduct of incomplete combustion, or pyrolysis, producing aggregates of spheres, which can be coarse, fine and /or colloidal and can be a mix of solids, tars and resins. When the soot is initially deposited, the dangling bonds around the edge of the small section of graphite confer a measure of instability, which can be corrected by the incoarporation of pentagons, but the structure does not close and the structure curves over itself as the particle builds up to typical soot particle.